Soybean cultivar 1000731

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is the seed of a novel soybean cultivar, designated 1000731, a sample of which is deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-121010. Also disclosed are plants, or parts thereof, grown from the seed of the cultivar, plants having the morphological and physiological characteristics of the 1000731 cultivar, and methods of using the plant or parts thereof in a soybean breeding program.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationSer. No. 61/565,538, filed Dec. 1, 2011, the disclosure of which ishereby incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to the field of soybean breeding. Inparticular, the invention relates to a soybean cultivar designated1000731, which may also be called JG37Y002C or 09AR374113, that includesplants, plant parts, and seeds of soybean cultivar 1000731. Methods forproducing soybean plants by crossing soybean cultivar 1000731 withitself or any different soybean plant are an integral part of thisinvention as are the resultant soybean plants, including the plant partsand seeds. This invention further relates to methods for producing1000731-derived soybean plants and to methods for regenerating suchplants from tissue cultures of regenerable cells as well as the plantsobtained therefrom. Methods for producing a soybean plant containing inits genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenicsoybean plants produced by that method are also a part of thisinvention.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Soybean (Glycine max) is a major grain crop valued for the high levelsof oil and protein found in soybean seed. Soybean breeding has resultedin significant improvements in yield potential, stability of yield,adaptation of the species to mechanical harvest, and yield protectionthrough improved disease resistance.

Due to the nature of plant science agriculture, broadly defined as amanipulation of available plant resources to meet the needs of thegrowing human population, the environment in which plants are grown foragricultural production continuously offers new obstacles toagricultural production. Each new cultivar released to agriculturalproduction is selected for the purpose of increasing yield resultingfrom increased disease resistance to prevalent diseases, or from director indirect improvement in yield potential or efficiency of production.Development of stable, high yielding cultivars with superiorcharacteristics is an ongoing goal of soybean breeders.

There is a need in the art for a novel, superior soybean cultivar andsoybean seed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the present invention provides a soybean seed designated1000731, wherein a sample of said seed is deposited under ATCC AccessionNo. PTA-121010.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a soybean plant, or apart thereof, produced by growing seed designated 1000731, or a soybeanplant having all the physiological and morphological characteristics ofthe soybean plant when grown in the same environmental conditions, or apollen grain, an ovule, a protoplast, a cell, an embryo, a cotyledon, ahypocotyl, a meristem, a root, a pistil, an anther, a flower, a stem, apod, a leaf, or a petiole of a soybean plant according to the presentinvention.

In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a tissue cultureof protoplasts or regenerable cells from a plant, or parts thereof,produced by growing seed designated 1000731, and a soybean plantregenerated from the tissue culture.

In still another aspect, the present invention provides a method forproducing a soybean seed, and soybean seed produced by the method, aswell as plants grown from seed produced by the method are provided. Themethod comprises crossing soybean plants and harvesting the resultantseed, wherein at least one soybean plant is the soybean cultivar 1000731of the present invention.

In another aspect, a method for producing a soybean cultivar1000731-derived soybean plant, and soybean cultivar 1000731-derivedsoybean plants, or parts thereof, produced by the method is provided.The method comprises crossing a soybean cultivar 1000731 plant of thepresent invention with a second soybean plant to yield progeny soybeanseed and growing the progeny seed to yield a soybean cultivar1000731-derived soybean plant. In some embodiments, the method furthercomprises crossing the soybean cultivar 1000731-derived soybean plantwith itself or another soybean plant to yield an additional soybeancultivar 1000731-derived soybean progeny seed and growing this progenysoybean seed to yield additional soybean cultivar 1000731-derivedsoybean plants. In some embodiments, these last two steps are repeatedat least one time to generate additional soybean cultivar1000731-derived soybean plants.

In yet another aspect, a method for producing a plant of soybeancultivar 1000731 comprising an added desired trait, and plants producedby the method, are provided. In some embodiments, the method comprisesintroducing at least one transgene or locus conferring the desired traitinto the soybean cultivar 1000731 plant. In certain embodiments, thedesired trait is selected from the group consisting of male sterility,site-specific recombination, abiotic stress tolerance, herbicidetolerance, insect or pest resistance, disease resistance, fungalresistance, modified fatty acid metabolism, modified protein metabolism,and modified carbohydrate metabolism. In other embodiments, the desiredtrait is herbicide tolerance and the tolerance is conferred to one ormore herbicides selected from the group consisting of glyphosate,phenoxyacetate auxins (such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)),pyridyloxyacetate auxins (such as fluoroxypyr and triclopyr),phenoxyproprionate auxins (such as MCPA and dichloprop),phenoxybutanoate auxins (such as 2,4-DB), sulfonylurea, imidazalinone,dicamba, glufosinate, cyclohexone, triazine, and benzonitrile. In stillother embodiments, the desired trait is insect resistance and thetransgene encodes a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxin.

In still another aspect, a method of producing a progeny soybeancultivar derived from cultivar 1000731 comprising a desired trait, andplants produced by the method, are provided. In some embodiments, themethod comprises crossing a soybean cultivar 1000731 plant of thepresent invention with a plant of another soybean cultivar thatcomprises a desired trait to produce F₁ progeny plants, selecting one ormore F₁ progeny plants that have the desired trait to produce selectedprogeny plants, crossing the selected progeny plants with the 1000731plants to produce backcross progeny plants, selecting for backcrossprogeny plants that have the desired trait and physiological andmorphological characteristics of soybean cultivar 1000731 to produceselected backcross progeny plants, and repeating the last two steps asufficient number of times in succession to produce selected second orhigher backcross progeny plants that comprise the desired trait and thephysiological and morphological characteristics of soybean cultivar1000731 when grown in the same environmental conditions. In someembodiments, the last two steps are repeated three or more times insuccession to produce selected fourth or higher backcross progenyplants. In some embodiments, the desired trait is selected from thegroup consisting of male sterility, herbicide resistance, insectresistance, modified fatty acid metabolism, modified carbohydratemetabolism and resistance to bacterial disease, fungal disease or viraldisease.

In yet another aspect, a method of producing a commodity plant productis provided, which comprises obtaining a plant of the present invention,or a part thereof, and producing the commodity plant product therefrom.In some embodiments, the commodity plant product is protein concentrate,protein isolate, soybean hulls, meal, flour or oil.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions

In the claims, descriptions, and tables that follow, numerous terms areused and are defined as follows:

Aerial Web Blight caused by the fungus, Rhizoctonia solani, is visuallyscored from 1 to 9 based on the severity of fungal spots on vegetativetissue. A score of 1 indicates the most tolerant (no symptoms) and ascore of 9 indicates the most susceptible.

Brown Stem Rot (BSR) caused by the fungus, Phialophora gregata, isvisually scored from 1 to 9 based on the severity of interveinal leafchlorosis (yellowing) and necrosis of stems. A score of 1 indicates themost resistance (no symptoms) and a score of 9 indicates the mostsusceptible.

Charcoal Rot Drought Complex caused by the fungus, Macrophominaphaseolina, is a sandy-soil, mid-summer disease distinguished by grayspeckling within the lower stems of soybean plants.

Cotyledon is a type of seed leaf. The cotyledon contains the foodstorage tissues of the seed. Cotyledon color can be measured as acharacteristic of a cultivar.

Flower color: Modern soybeans are characterized by two major flowercolors, purple or white. Some cultivars are heterogeneous for flowercolor whereby some plants have purple flowers and some have white.

Frogeye Leaf Spot is caused by the fungus, Cercospora sojina. The fungussurvives as mycelium in infected seeds and in infested debris. Withadequate moisture new leaves become infected as they develop until allthe leaves are infected. Yield losses may be up to 15% in severeinfected fields. Frog Eye Leaf Spot (FELSR) rating is a field rating (1to 9 scale) based on the percentage of leaf area affected. The scale is1 to 9 where 1=no leaf symptoms and 9=severe leaf symptoms. One is thebest rating. To test cultivars for Frog Eye Leaf Spot a disease nurseryis artificially inoculated with spores. The ratings are done when theplants have reached the R5 to R6 growth stage. Visual calibration isdone with leaf photos of different frogeye severity ratings.

Growth habit refers to stem termination in soybeans and the resultantdifferences in flower production. “Indeterminate” cultivars continue togrow during the reproductive phase, producing new branches and nodesafter flowering is well underway. “Determinate” cultivars tend to delaythe onset of flowering somewhat, and limit new node and branchdevelopment after flowering has been initiated. “Semi-determinate”cultivars continue to produce new vegetative growth during thereproductive phase but growth terminates more quickly than inindeterminate cultivars.

Hilum refers to the point of attachment of soybean seed to maternaltissue.

Hilum color in modern soybeans may be black, brown, yellow, gray, buff,or imperfect black.

Iron-Deficiency Chlorosis (IDC) results when soybeans lack adequateiron. A visual score taken 25 to 30 days after planting is used to rateiron-deficiency chlorosis. A score of 1 indicates no stunting of theplants or chlorosis of the leaves, and a score of 5 indicates the plantsare dead or dying as a result of iron-deficiency chlorosis. A score of2.5 means plants have intermediate health with some leaf chlorosis.

Leaflet shape: The leaflet may be broad or narrow and may be lanceolate,ovate or oval in shape.

Lodging relates to the stature of the plant relative to the ground.Lodging resistance is rated on a scale of 1 to 5. A score of 1 is givento an erect plant (lodging resistant). A score of 3 is given to a plantthat is leaning at a 45-degree angle relative to the ground. A score of5 indicates a plant lying on the ground.

Maturity date is the date when 95% of pods have turned color from greencolor to their mature brown or tan color. The maturity date is countedin days and is calculated from January 1.

Maturity group refers to an industry division of groups of cultivarsbased on the zones in which the cultivars are adapted. Soybeans maturedifferentially in response to day-length and thus to latitude wheregrown. In the soybean production areas of the United States, forexample, the northernmost production region of northern Minnesota isplanted to soybeans that mature under very long day-lengths during earlysummer. In the southernmost production regions of the Southeast,soybeans that mature from the influence of short day-length during earlysummer are grown. Those adapted to northern day-lengths are classifiedas early-maturing, those adapted to the southern regions are classifiedas late-maturing. Maturity groups include very long day length cultivars(000, 00, 0) and extend to very short day length cultivars (VII, VIII,IX, X). For example, maturity group I soybean cultivars are typicallygrown in southern Minnesota, whereas maturity group IV soybean cultivarsare typically group in southern Illinois.

Phytophthora Root Rot caused by the fungus, Phytophthora megasperma var.sojae, is rated on a visual scale of 1 to 9, with a score of 1 being themost tolerant and a score of 9 being the most susceptible toPhytophthora. The visual score is based on the amount of disease-inducedstunting of above-ground growth and is taken at harvest.

Plant includes plant cells, plant protoplasts, plant cell tissuecultures from which soybean plants can be regenerated, plant calli,plant clumps, and plant cells that are intact in plants or partsthereof. “Plant part” includes, but is not limited to, embryos,protoplasts, cells, pollen, ovules, cotyledons, hypocotyls, meristems,roots, pistils, anthers, flowers, stems, leaves, pods, petioles, and thelike.

Plant height is measured from the top of soil to top node of the plantin any convenient unit of length (i.e., inches, centimeters, etc.). Forthe data presented herein, plant height was measured just prior toharvest and is expressed in centimeters.

Pod wall color refers to the color of the mature pod wall, as distinctfrom the color of the pubescence, and in modern soybeans, may be brownor tan.

Pubescence relates to the plant trichomes or hairs found on the stems,leaves and pods of soybeans.

Pubescence color in modern soybeans may be tawny, gray or light tawny.

Relative maturity: Within maturity groups, a more precise maturityassignment is given that subdivides each maturity group into tenths. Forexample, a relative maturity of 3.3 is assigned to a late early maturitygroup III soybean cultivar.

Root-knot nematode resistance is based on a −45-day greenhouse screen ofsoybean roots inoculated with eggs and juveniles of Meloidogyne spp.Rating scale is based upon female reproduction index on a susceptiblecheck set determined by number of galls present. Rating scale is 1 to 9with 1 being most resistant and 9 being most susceptible.

Sclerotinia Stem Rot, also referred to as “white mold”, is caused by thesoil-borne fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plants are infected viadischarged ascospores that successfully germinate and infect throughsoybean structures such as flower petals. Colonization of stem, pod, andleaf tissue ultimately results in loss of yield potential. Cultivars arerated using prevalence and severity scores and converted into anestimated percentage yield loss compared to known resistant orsusceptible cultivar standards.

Seed coat color refers to the color of the seed coat, and in modernsoybeans may be yellow, green, brown or black.

Seed coat luster refers to the luster of the seed coat, and may be dullor shiny.

Seed coat peroxidase activity is defined by a chemical taxonomictechnique to separate cultivars based on the presence or absence of theperoxidase enzyme in the seed coat. There are two types of soybeancultivars, those having high peroxidase activity and those having lowperoxidase activity. Ratings are HIGH or LOW for peroxidase enzymeactivity.

Seed size is measured by seed number per pound of seed. Seed size is aheritable trait but is influenced by environment, and as such, is oftenpresented as a comparison to another cultivar.

Shattering refers to pod dehiscence prior to harvest resulting in a lossof mechanically harvestable seed. Pod dehiscence involves seeds fallingfrom the pods to the soil. This is visually scored with a 1 to 9 scalecomparing all genotypes within a given test. A score of 1 means podshave not opened and no seeds have fallen out. A score of 5 indicatesapproximately 50% of the pods have opened, with seeds falling to theground and a score of 9 indicates 100% of the pods are opened.

Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN) resistance is based on a comparison ofreproduction rates of Heterodera glycines to a known susceptiblecultivar as described by Schmitt et al. (Crop Sci. 32:275-277, 1992),which is incorporated by reference herein. A cultivar with 0% to 10%reproductive rate compared to a known susceptible cultivar is classifiedas resistant (R); a cultivar with 11% to 30% reproductive rate comparedto a known susceptible cultivar is classified as moderately resistant(MR); a cultivar with 31% to 59% reproductive rate compared to a knownsusceptible cultivar is classified as moderately susceptible (MS); and acultivar with 60% or greater reproductive rate compared to a knownsusceptible cultivar is classified as susceptible (S).

Soybean emergence scores, also referred to simply as “Emergence,” ratethe ability of the seedlings to emerge from the soil. A visual score of1 to 9, taken from emergence to V3, is used whereby a score of 1 to 3indicates excellent emergence vigor and early growth, an intermediatescore of 5 indicates average ratings, and a score of 7 to 9 indicates avery poor emergence vigor and early growth.

Stem Canker is caused by the fungus, Diaporthe phaseolorum, andtolerance is scored 1 to 9, with 1 being most tolerant and 9 being mostsusceptible, based on the number of lesions.

Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) is caused by slow-growing strains of thefungus, Fursarium solani. The disease is a mid to late season,soil-borne disease in soybean fields. Yield losses may be total orsevere in infected fields. The SDS rating is an opportunistic fieldrating based on leaf area affected. The scale used for these tests is 1to 9. A score of 1 indicates the most tolerant (least symptoms) and ascore of 9 indicates the most susceptible.

Yield refers to the yield of seed harvested from a soybean crop. Yielddata presented herein is expressed as bushels of seed/acre and is theactual yield of the grain at harvest.

Soybean Cultivar 1000731

The present invention provides plants, seeds, plant parts, andderivatives thereof of the soybean cultivar 1000731, characterized bymolecular and physiological data obtained from the representative sampleof said cultivar deposited with the American Type Culture Collection(ATCC). The present invention further provides methods for producingsoybean cultivar 1000731 and methods for breeding with soybean cultivar1000731 to produce novel derived soybean cultivars.

Soybean cultivar 1000731 has superior characteristics and was developedfrom crossing two elite soybean cultivars. Some of the criteria used toselect the cultivar in various generations included seed yield, lodgingresistance, emergence, disease resistance and tolerance, herbicidetolerance, maturity, late season plant intactness, plant height, andshattering resistance. The breeding history of the cultivar issummarized in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Breeding Method for Cultivar 1000731 Filial Generation Method F0cross between parents F1 plant growout F2 population growout F3 progenyrow, single-plant selection F4 plant-row yield trial F5 preliminaryyield trial F6 purity reselection and seed increase F7 advanced yieldtrial F8 seed increase F9 advanced yield trial

Soybean cultivar 1000731 has excellent agronomic characteristicsincluding high yield potential relative to lines of similar maturity.Soybean cultivar 1000731 is well-adapted to early maturity group III toearly maturity group IV growing areas of Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, Illinois,Missouri, Kansas, Kentucky, and Nebraska.

Soybean cultivar 1000731 has been judged to have uniformity andstability of its morphological and other characteristics. The cultivarcan be reproduced by planting and growing seeds of the cultivar underself-pollinating or sib-pollinating conditions, as is known to those ofskill in the agricultural arts. Soybean cultivar 1000731 shows novariants other than known segregation for the Rpslk allele that confersresistance to Phytophthora root rot disease and what would normally beexpected due to environment or that would occur for almost anycharacteristic during the course of repeated sexual reproduction. Thecultivar description information (Table 2) provides a summary of soybeancultivar 1000731 plant characteristics. Those of skill in the art willrecognize that these are typical values that may vary due to environmentand that other values that are substantially equivalent are within thescope of the invention. As used herein, “a soybean plant having thephysiological and morphological characteristics of soybean cultivar1000731” is a plant having the characteristics set forth in Table 2 whengrown in the same environmental conditions.

TABLE 2 Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of Cultivar1000731 Characteristic Value Relative Maturity 3.7 Maturity Date (daysfrom January 1) 277 Hilum Color (Mature Seed): Buff Seed Coat Color(Mature Seed): Yellow Cotyledon Color (Mature Seed): Yellow Canopy Width(1 to 9) 5 Growth Habit Indeterminate Plant Height (inches) 40 Lodging(1 to 9) 1.1 Flower Color White Leaflet Shape Ovate Pubescence ColorGray Pod Wall Color Brown Resistance/Tolerance to Herbicides Yes RoundupReady 2 (GM_A19788) Resistance/Tolerance to PestsSoybean MR (race 3)Cyst Nematode (R, MR, MS) Phytophthora Root Rot Resistance (single gene)Seregating Rps1K Phytophthora Tolerance (1 to 9) 9

Soybean cultivar 1000731 in one embodiment of the present inventioncarries one or more transgenes, for example, a glyphosate tolerancetransgene, an auxin herbicide tolerance gene, a glufosinate tolerancegene, a desaturase gene or other transgenes. In another embodiment ofthe invention, the soybean does not carry any herbicide resistancetraits. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the soybean does notcarry any transgenes but carries alleles for aphid resistance, cystnematode resistance and/or disease resistance or the like. In stillanother embodiment, the soybean carries both alleles and transgenesproviding desired traits.

In addition to the individual plant characteristics set forth in Table2, agronomic yield of soybean cultivar 1000731 was evaluated. Table 3compares the yield and maturity difference of soybean cultivar 1000731to those of other soybean cultivars developed for a similarcrop-production region.

TABLE 3 Yield of Cultivar 1000731 Compared to Selected CultivarsMaturity Years Paired Reps. Yield Yield Difference (#) Cultivart-test^(a) (#) (bu/ac) (%) (days) 1 1000731 NS 6 65, 0 103 0 CSR3832N63.2 100 1 1 1000731 NS 6 65, 0 104 0 CSR3752N 62.6 100 −1 1 1000731 NS6 65, 0 108 0 CSR3432N 60, 0 100 −3 1 1000731 NS 6 65, 0 105 0 CSR3242N62.2 100 −6 1 1000731 NS 6 65, 0 106 0 CSR3132N 61.6 100 −6^(a)Thresholds for paired t-tests are no significant difference (NS) andsignificant at P < .05 (*), P < .01 (**), and P < .001 (***).^(b)Percentage yield relative to the lower-yielding cultivar in eachtwo-way comparison.Soybean Cultivar 1000731 Breeding and Production Methods

The present invention provides methods for producing soybean seed, orplants grown therefrom, by crossing the soybean cultivar 1000731 withitself or a second cultivar. These methods can be used for propagationof the soybean cultivar 1000731, or can be used to produce1000731-derived hybrid soybean seeds and the plants grown therefrom.Hybrid soybean plants can be used in the commercial production of soyproducts or may be advanced in certain breeding protocols for theproduction of additional novel soybean cultivars by crossing the soybeancultivar 1000731-derived soybean plant with itself or another soybeanplant to yield an additional soybean cultivar 1000731-derived soybeanprogeny seed. This crossing process can be repeated one or more times togenerate additional soybean cultivars. A hybrid plant can also be usedas a recurrent parent at any given stage in a backcrossing protocolduring the production of the soybean cultivar 1000731 which comprises anadded desired trait.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides for using the1000731 soybean plant, or part thereof, or a soybean plant having thephysiological and morphological characteristics of the 1000731 soybeanplant, as a source of breeding material for developing an1000731-derived soybean plant in a soybean breeding program using plantbreeding techniques. Plant breeding techniques useful in the developingsoybean plants include, but are not limited to, single seed descent,modified single seed descent, recurrent selection, reselection, massselection, bulk selection, backcrossing, pedigree breeding, mutationbreeding, restriction fragment length polymorphism enhanced selection,genetic marker enhanced selection, making double haploids andtransformation. Plant breeding techniques are known to the art and havebeen described in the literature. For example, see U.S. Pat. Nos.6,143,954; 7,803,996; and 7,807,884, which, along with the referencescited therein, is incorporated by reference herein.

Selection of soybean plants for breeding is not necessarily dependent onthe phenotype of a plant and instead can be based on geneticinvestigations. For example, one may utilize a suitable genetic markerwhich is closely genetically linked to a trait of interest. One of thesemarkers may therefore be used to identify the presence or absence of atrait in the offspring of a particular cross, and hence may be used inselection of progeny for continued breeding. This technique may commonlybe referred to as “marker assisted selection.” Any other type of geneticmarker or other assay which is able to identify the relative presence orabsence of a trait of interest in a plant may also be useful forbreeding purposes. Procedures for marker assisted selection applicableto the breeding of soybeans are well known in the art. Such methods willbe of particular utility in the case of recessive traits and variablephenotypes, or where conventional assays may be more expensive, timeconsuming or otherwise disadvantageous. Types of genetic markers whichcould be used in accordance with the invention include, but are notnecessarily limited to, Simple Sequence Length Polymorphisms (SSLPs),Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Randomly AmplifiedPolymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF),Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs), Arbitrary PrimedPolymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR), Amplified Fragment LengthPolymorphisms (AFLPs) (EP 534 858, specifically incorporated herein byreference in its entirety), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs, also referredto as “Microsatellites”), and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs).

Many qualitative characters also have potential use as phenotype-basedgenetic markers in soybeans; however, some or many may not differ amongcultivars commonly used as parents. The most widely used genetic markersare flower color (purple dominant to white), pubescence color (browndominant to gray), and pod color (brown dominant to tan). Theassociation of purple hypocotyl color with purple flowers and greenhypocotyl color with white flowers is commonly used to identify hybridsin the seedling stage. Differences in maturity, height, hilum color,pubescence color, pod wall color, and pest resistance between parentscan also be used to verify hybrid plants.

Soybean cultivar 1000731 represents a novel base genetic cultivar intowhich a new desired locus or trait may be introduced by introgression.Backcrossing and direct transformation represent two important methodsthat can be used to accomplish such an introgression. In certainembodiments of the present invention, plants of soybean cultivar 1000731are provided modified to include one or more desired heritable traits.

Plants of the subject invention including one or more desired heritabletraits may, in one embodiment, be developed by a plant breedingtechnique called backcrossing, wherein essentially all of the desiredphysiological and morphological characteristics of a cultivar arerecovered, when grown in the same environmental conditions, in additionto a genetic locus comprising the desired trait transferred into theplant via the backcrossing technique. Backcrossing methods can be usedwith the present invention to improve or introduce a desired trait intosoybean cultivar 1000731. The parental soybean plant which contributesthe locus for the desired characteristic is termed the nonrecurrent ordonor parent. This terminology refers to the fact that the nonrecurrentparent is used one time in the backcross protocol and therefore does notrecur. The parental soybean plant (e.g., soybean cultivar 1000731) towhich the locus or loci from the nonrecurrent parent are transferred isknown as the recurrent parent as it is used for several rounds in thebackcrossing protocol (Poehlman et al., 1995; Fehr, 1987a,b; Sprague andDudley, 1988).

In a typical backcross protocol, the original cultivar of interest(recurrent parent, e.g., soybean cultivar 1000731) is crossed to asecond cultivar (nonrecurrent parent) that carries the single locus ofinterest to be transferred to produce F₁ progeny plants. The resultingF₁ progeny from this cross are then selected that have the desired traitand crossed again to the recurrent parent to produce backcross progenyplants having the desired trait and physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of the recurrent parent. The process is repeated until asoybean plant is obtained wherein essentially all of the desiredmorphological and physiological characteristics of the recurrent parentare recovered in the converted plant, in addition to the transferredlocus comprising the desired trait from the nonrecurrent parent.

The selection of a suitable recurrent parent is an important step for asuccessful backcrossing procedure. The goal of a backcross protocol isto alter or substitute a single or a very limited number of traits orcharacteristics into the original cultivar. To accomplish this, a singlelocus of the recurrent cultivar is modified or substituted with thedesired locus from the nonrecurrent parent, while retaining essentiallyall of the rest of the desired genetic, and therefore the desiredphysiological and morphological constitution of the original cultivar.The choice of the particular nonrecurrent parent will depend on thepurpose of the backcross; one of the major purposes is to add somecommercially desirable, agronomically important trait to the plant. Theexact backcrossing protocol will depend on the characteristic or traitbeing altered to determine an appropriate testing protocol. Althoughbackcrossing methods are simplified when the characteristic beingtransferred is a dominant allele, a recessive allele may also betransferred. In this instance it may be necessary to introduce a test ofthe progeny to determine if the desired characteristic has beensuccessfully transferred.

Soybean cultivars can also be developed from more than two parents(Fehr, In: Soybeans: Improvement, Production and Uses, 2d Ed., Manograph16:249, 1987). The technique, known as modified backcrossing, usesdifferent recurrent parents during the backcrossing. Modifiedbackcrossing can be used to replace the original recurrent parent with acultivar having certain more desirable characteristics or multipleparents may be used to obtain different desirable characteristics fromeach.

Many single locus traits have been identified that are not regularlyselected for in the development of a new inbred but that can be improvedby backcrossing techniques. Single locus traits may or may not betransgenic; examples of these traits include, but are not limited to,male sterility, herbicide resistance, insect resistance, modified fattyacid metabolism, modified carbohydrate metabolism and resistance tobacterial disease, fungal disease or viral disease.

Direct selection may be applied where the single locus acts as adominant trait. An example of a dominant trait is an herbicide tolerancetrait. For this selection process, the progeny of the initial cross aresprayed with the herbicide prior to the backcrossing. The sprayingeliminates any plants which do not have the desired herbicide tolerancecharacteristic, and only those plants which have the herbicide tolerancegene are used in the subsequent backcross. This process is then repeatedfor all additional backcross generations.

In other embodiments of the present invention, plants of the subjectinvention including one or more desired heritable traits may bedeveloped by direct transformation of soybean cultivar 1000731, orthrough the use of backcrossing approaches as described herein, forexample, to introgress a transgenic trait into soybean cultivar 1000731.Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention a method ofproducing a plant of soybean cultivar 1000731 comprising an addeddesired trait is provided, where the method comprises introducing atleast one transgene conferring the desired trait into cultivar 1000731.In some embodiments, introducing at least one transgene conferring thedesired trait comprises transforming a soybean plant, or part thereof,of cultivar 1000731 with one or more transgenes that confer at least onedesired trait. In another embodiment, introducing at least one transgeneconferring the desired trait comprises use of backcrossing to introgressa transgenic trait into soybean cultivar 1000731. Another embodiment isthe product produced by this process, wherein the product comprises theat least one desired trait and all of the physiological andmorphological characteristics of soybean cultivar 1000731 when grown inthe same location and in the same environmental conditions.

In one embodiment the desired trait may be one or more of malesterility, site-specific recombination, abiotic stress tolerance,herbicide tolerance, insect or pest resistance, disease resistance,fungal resistance, modified fatty acid metabolism, and modifiedcarbohydrate metabolism. The specific gene may be any known in the artor listed herein, including; a polynucleotide conferring resistance toglyphosate, phenoxyacetate auxins, pyridyloxyacetate auxins,phenoxyproprionate auxins, pehnoxybutanoate auxins, sulfonylurea,imidazalinone, dicamba, glufosinate, cyclohexone, triazine, andbenzonitrile; a polynucleotide encoding a Bacillus thuringiensispolypeptide, a polynucleotide encoding phytase, FAD-2, FAD-3, galactinolsynthase or a raffinose synthetic enzyme; or a polynucleotide conferringresistance to soybean cyst nematode, brown stem rot, phytophthora rootrot, soybean mosaic virus or sudden death syndrome.

Various genetic elements can be introduced into the plant genome usingtransformation. These elements include, but are not limited to genes;coding sequences; inducible, constitutive, and tissue specificpromoters; enhancing sequences; and signal and targeting sequences. Forexample, see the traits, genes and transformation methods listed in U.S.Pat. No. 6,118,055. The most prevalent types of plant transformationinvolve the construction of an expression vector. Such a vectorcomprises a DNA sequence that contains a gene under the control of oroperatively linked to a regulatory element, for example a promoter. Thevector may contain one or more genes and one or more regulatoryelements.

Plant transformation techniques which result in the generation oftransgenic plants are known in the art. These techniques include, butare not limited to:

(1) Projectile bombardment or microprojectile-mediated delivery. Thisprocedure involves propelling inert or biologically active particlescomplexed with DNA at plant cells, wherein the particles penetrate theouter surface of the cell and the DNA is incorporated within the genomeof the plant cell. See e.g., Klein et al., (1987) Nature 327: 70-73;Tomes et al., Plant Cell, Tissue & Organ Culture: Fundamental Methods,eds. Gambourg and Phillips (1995) (Springer-Velag, Berlin); Gordon-Kimet al., (1990) Plant Cell 2:603-618; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,945,050,5,879,918, 5,932,782; 5,015,580, 5,550,318, 5,538,880, 6,160,208,6,399,861, and 6,403,865;

(2) Microinjection of plant cell protoplasts or embryogenic callus,including the use of silicon carbide mediated DNA uptake. See e.g.,Crossway et al., (1985) Molecular General Genetics 202:179; Kaeppler etal. (1990) Plant Cell Reporter 9:415-418;

(3) Direct gene transfer. See e.g., International Patent Application No.WO85/01856 and European Patent Application No. 0 275 069;

(4) Electroporation, calcium mediated, or PEG precipitation ofprotoplasts or cells comprising partial cell walls. See e.g., Fromm etal., (1985) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 82: 5824;Paszkowski et al., (1984) European Molecular Biological Organization 3:2717-2722; Potrykus et al. (1985) Molecular General Genetics199:169-177; Shimamoto (1989) Nature 338:274-276; D'Halluin et al.(1992) Plant Cell 4: 1 495-1505.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,384;

(5) Aerosol beam technology employs the jet expansion of an inert gas asit passes from a region of higher gas pressure to a region of lower gaspressure through a small orifice. The expanding gas accelerates aerosoldroplets containing DNA molecules at supersonic speeds into a cell ortissue. See e.g., Held et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,809,232; 7,067,716; and7,026,286.

(6) Agrobacterium-mediated transformations of plants are also included.Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is described in, for example,Horsch et al., (1984) Science 233:496-498, and Fraley et al., (1983)Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 80:4803 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,824,877;5,981,840, and 6,384,301; Ishida et al., (1996) Nature Biotechnology14:745-750. Generally, the Agrobacterium transformation system is usedto engineer dicotyledonous plants see Bevan et al (1982) Ann. Rev. Genet16:357-384; Rogers et al., (1986) Methods Enzymol. 118:627-641). TheAgrobacterium transformation system may also be used to transform, aswell as transfer, DNA to monocotyledonous plants and plant cells. SeeU.S. Pat. No. 5,591,616; Hemalsteen et al., (1984) EMBO J 3:3039-3041;Hooykass-Van Slogteren et al., (1984) Nature 3 11: 763-764; Grimsley etal., (1987) Nature 325: 1677-179; Boulton et al., (1989) Plant Mol.Biol. 12:3 1-40.; and Gould et al., (1991) Plant Physiol. 95:426-434. Inaddition, gene transfer may be achieved using non-Agrobacterium bacteriaor viruses such as Rhizobium sp. NGR234, Sinorhizobium meliloti,Mesorhizobium loti, potato virus X, cauliflower mosaic virus and cassayavein mosaic virus and/or tobacco mosaic virus, See, e.g., Chung et al.,(2006) Trends Plant Sci. 1 1(1): 1-4; U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,660,500,6,462,255, 5,889,190 and 5,889,101.

Soybean transformation is described in particular in a number ofpublications. An example of an exemplary soybean transformationtechnique includes the use of Agrobacterium-mediated planttransformation. One example of soybean transformation comprisesinfecting half-seed explants of soybean with Agrobacterium tumefacienscontaining a transgene and regenerating the half-seed explants in vitroon selection medium. See U.S. Pat. No. 7,473,822 and Paz et al., (2006)Plant Cell Reports 25: 206-213. A second example ofAgrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation employs the use ofglufosinate as the selection system, thereby resulting in an enhancedtransformation efficiency. See Zeng et al., (2004) Plant Cell Rep22:478-482.

After effecting delivery of exogenous DNA to recipient cells, the nextsteps generally concern identifying the transformed cells for furtherculturing and plant regeneration. In order to improve the ability toidentify transformants, one may desire to employ a selectable orscreenable marker gene with the transformation vector used to generatethe transformant. In this case, the potentially transformed cellpopulation can be assayed by exposing the cells to a selective agent oragents, or the cells can be screened for the desired marker gene trait.

Cells that survive the exposure to the selective agent, or cells thathave been scored positive in a screening assay, may be cultured in mediathat supports regeneration of plants. In some embodiments, any suitableplant tissue culture media (e.g., MS and N6 media) may be modified byincluding further substances, such as growth regulators. Tissue may bemaintained on a basic media with growth regulators until sufficienttissue is available to begin plant regeneration efforts, or followingrepeated rounds of manual selection, until the morphology of the tissueis suitable for regeneration (e.g., at least 2 weeks), then transferredto media conducive to shoot formation. Cultures are transferredperiodically until sufficient shoot formation has occurred. Once shootsare formed, they are transferred to media conducive to root formation.Once sufficient roots are formed, plants can be transferred to soil forfurther growth and maturity.

To confirm the presence of a transgene in the regenerating plants, avariety of assays may be performed. Such assays include, for example:molecular biological assays, such as Southern and Northern blotting andPCR; biochemical assays, such as detecting the presence of a proteinproduct, e.g., by immunological means (e.g., ELISA and/or Western blots)or by enzymatic function; plant part assays, such as leaf or rootassays; and analysis of the phenotype of the whole regenerated plant.

Through the transformation of soybean, the expression of genes can bealtered to enhance disease resistance, insect resistance, herbicideresistance, agronomic, grain quality and other desired traits.Transformation can also be used to insert DNA sequences which control orhelp control male-sterility. DNA sequences native to soybean as well asnon-native DNA sequences can be transformed into soybean and used toalter levels of native or non-native proteins. Various promoters,targeting sequences, enhancing sequences, and other DNA sequences can beinserted into the genome for the purpose of altering the expression ofproteins. Reduction of the activity of specific genes (also known asgene silencing, or gene suppression) is desirable for several aspects ofgenetic engineering in plants.

Many techniques for gene silencing are well known to one of skill in theart, including but not limited to knock-outs (such as by insertion of atransposable element such as mu (Vicki Chandler, The Maize Handbook ch.118 (Springer-Verlag 1994) or other genetic elements such as a FRT, Loxor other site specific integration site, antisense technology (see,e.g., Sheehy et al. (1988) PNAS USA 85:8805-8809; and U.S. Pat. Nos.5,107,065; 5,453,566; and 5,759,829); co-suppression (e.g., Taylor(1997) Plant Cell 9:1245; Jorgensen (1990) Trends Biotech.8(12):340-344; Flavell (1994) PNAS USA 91:3490-3496; Finnegan et al.(1994) Bio/Technology 12: 883-888; and Neuhuber et al. (1994) Mol. Gen.Genet. 244:230-241); RNA interference (Napoli et al. (1990) Plant Cell2:279-289; U.S. Pat. No. 5,034,323; Sharp (1999) Genes Dev. 13:139-141;Zamore et al. (2000) Cell 101:25-33; and Montgomery et al. (1998) PNASUSA 95:15502-15507), virus-induced gene silencing (Burton, et al. (2000)Plant Cell 12:691-705; and Baulcombe (1999) Curr. Op. Plant Bio.2:109-113); target-RNA-specific ribozymes (Haseloff et al. (1988) Nature334: 585-591); hairpin structures (Smith et al. (2000) Nature407:319-320; WO 99/53050; and WO 98/53083); MicroRNA (Aukerman & Sakai(2003) Plant Cell 15:2730-2741); ribozymes (Steinecke et al. (1992) EMBOJ. 11:1525; and Perriman et al. (1993) Antisense Res. Dev. 3:253);oligonucleotide-mediated targeted modification (e.g., WO 03/076574 andWO 99/25853); Zn-finger targeted molecules (e.g., WO 01/52620; WO03/048345; and WO 00/42219); and other methods or combinations of theabove methods known to those of skill in the art.

Exemplary nucleotide sequences or encoded polypeptides that may bealtered or introduced by genetic engineering to provide desired traitsinclude, but are not limited to, those categorized below.

1. Genes or Encoded Proteins that Confer Resistance to Pests or Disease

(A) Plant Disease Resistance Genes. Plant defenses are often activatedby specific interaction between the product of a disease resistance gene(R) in the plant and the product of a corresponding avirulence (Avr)gene in the pathogen. A plant cultivar can be transformed with clonedresistance gene to engineer plants that are resistant to specificpathogen strains. Examples of such genes include, the tomato Cf-9 genefor resistance to Cladosporium falvum (Jones et al., 1994 Science266:789), tomato Pto gene, which encodes a protein kinase, forresistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Martin et al., 1993Science 262:1432), and Arabidopsis RSSP2 gene for resistance toPseudomonas syringae (Mindrinos et al., 1994 Cell 78:1089).

(B) A Bacillus thuringiensis protein, a derivative thereof or asynthetic polypeptide modeled thereon, such as, a nucleotide sequence ofa Bt δ-endotoxin gene (Geiser et al., 1986 Gene 48:109). Moreover, DNAmolecules encoding δ-endotoxin genes can be purchased from American TypeCulture Collection (Rockville, Md.), under ATCC accession numbers.40098, 67136, 31995 and 31998. Other non-limiting examples of Bacillusthuringiensis transgenes being genetically engineered are given in thefollowing patents, patent applications and publications and hereby areincorporated by reference for this purpose: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,188,960;5,689,052; 5,880,275; 5,986,177; 7,105,332; 7,208,474; WO 91/14778; WO99/31248; WO 01/12731; WO 99/24581; WO 97/40162 and U.S. applicationSer. Nos. 10/032,717; 10/414,637; 11/018,615; 11/404,297; 11/404,638;11/471,878; 11/780,501; 11/780,511; 11/780,503; 11/953,648; 11/953,648;and 11/957,893, and Estruch, et al., 1996. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.93:5389.

(C) A lectin, such as, nucleotide sequences of several Clivia miniatamannose-binding lectin genes (Van Damme et al., 1994 Plant Molec. Biol.24:825).

(D) A vitamin binding protein, such as avidin and avidin homologs whichare useful as larvicides against insect pests. See U.S. Pat. No.5,659,026.

(E) An enzyme inhibitor, e.g., a protease inhibitor or an amylaseinhibitor. Examples of such genes include, a rice cysteine proteinaseinhibitor (Abe et al., 1987 J. Biol. Chem. 262:16793), a tobaccoproteinase inhibitor I (Huub et al., 1993 Plant Molec. Biol. 21:985),and an α-amylase inhibitor Sumitani et al., 1993 Biosci. Biotech.Biochem. 57:1243).

(F) An insect-specific hormone or pheromone such as an ecdysteroid andjuvenile hormone a variant thereof, a mimetic based thereon, or anantagonist or agonist thereof, such as, baculovirus expression of clonedjuvenile hormone esterase, an inactivator of juvenile hormone (Hammocket al., 1990 Nature 344:458).

(G) An insect-specific peptide or neuropeptide which, upon expression,disrupts the physiology of the affected pest. Examples of such genesinclude, an insect diuretic hormone receptor (Regan, 1994), anallostatin identified in Diploptera punctata (Pratt, 1989),insect-specific, paralytic neurotoxins (U.S. Pat. No. 5,266,361).

(H) An insect-specific venom produced in nature by a snake, a wasp,etc., such as, a scorpion insectotoxic peptide (Pang, 1992 Gene116:165).

(I) An enzyme responsible for a hyperaccumulation of monoterpene, asesquiterpene, a steroid, hydroxamic acid, a phenylpropanoid derivativeor another non-protein molecule with insecticidal activity.

(J) An enzyme involved in the modification, including thepost-translational modification, of a biologically active molecule; forexample, glycolytic enzyme, a proteolytic enzyme, a lipolytic enzyme, anuclease, a cyclase, a transaminase, an esterase, a hydrolase, aphosphatase, a kinase, a phosphorylase, a polymerase, an elastase, achitinase and a glucanase, whether natural or synthetic. Examples ofsuch genes include, a callas gene (PCT published applicationWO93/02197), chitinase-encoding sequences (which can be obtained, forexample, from the ATCC under accession numbers 3999637 and 67152),tobacco hookworm chitinase (Kramer et al., 1993 Insect Molec. Biol.23:691) and parsley ubi4-2 polyubiquitin gene (Kawalleck et al., 1993Plant Molec. Biol. 21:673).

(K) A molecule that stimulates signal transduction. Examples of suchmolecules include, nucleotide sequences for mung bean calmodulin cDNAclones (Botella et al., 1994 Plant Molec. Biol. 24:757) and a nucleotidesequence of a maize calmodulin cDNA clone (Griess et al., 1994 PlantPhysiol. 104:1467).

(L) A hydrophobic moment peptide. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,659,026 and5,607,914, the latter teaches synthetic antimicrobial peptides thatconfer disease resistance.

(M) A membrane permease, a channel former or a channel blocker, such as,a cecropin-13 lytic peptide analog (Jaynes et al., 1993 Plant Sci.89:43) which renders transgenic tobacco plants resistant to Pseudomonassolanacearum.

(N) A viral-invasive protein or a complex toxin derived there from. Forexample, the accumulation of viral coat proteins in transformed plantcells imparts resistance to viral infection and/or disease developmenteffected by the virus from which the coat protein gene is derived, aswell as by related viruses. Coat protein-mediated resistance has beenconferred upon transformed plants against alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumbermosaic virus, tobacco streak virus, potato virus X, potato virus Y,tobacco etch virus, tobacco rattle virus and tobacco mosaic virus. See,for example, Beachy et al. (1990) Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 28:451.

(O) An insect-specific antibody or an immunotoxin derived therefrom.Thus, an antibody targeted to a critical metabolic function in theinsect gut would inactivate an affected enzyme, killing the insect. Forexample, Taylor et al. (1994) Abstract #497, Seventh Int'l. Symposium onMolecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, shows enzymatic inactivation intransgenic tobacco via production of single-chain antibody fragments.

(P) A virus-specific antibody. See, for example, Tavladoraki et al.(1993) Nature 266:469, which shows that transgenic plants expressingrecombinant antibody genes are protected from virus attack.

(O) A developmental-arrestive protein produced in nature by a pathogenor a parasite. Thus, fungal endo α-1,4-D polygalacturonases facilitatefungal colonization and plant nutrient release by solubilizing plantcell wall homo-α-1,4-D-galacturonase (Lamb et al., 1992) Bio/Technology10:1436. The cloning and characterization of a gene which encodes a beanendopolygalacturonase-inhibiting protein is described by Toubart et al.(1992 Plant J. 2:367).

(R) A developmental-arrestive protein produced in nature by a plant,such as, the barley ribosome-inactivating gene has an increasedresistance to fungal disease (Longemann et al., 1992). Bio/Technology10:3305.

(S) A small RNA (e.g., antisense, hairpin, siRNA, or miRNA) thatinhibits expression of a pathogen gene necessary for the pathogen tosurvive or thrive.

2. Genes that Confer Resistance to a Herbicide

(A) Genes encoding resistance or tolerance to a herbicide that inhibitsthe growing point or meristem, such as an imidazalinone or asulfonylurea. Exemplary genes in this category code for mutant ALS (Leeet al., 1988 EMBO J. 7:1241) and AHAS enzyme (Miki et al., 1990 Theor.Appl. Genet. 80:449).

(B) One or more additional genes encoding resistance or tolerance toglyphosate imparted by mutant EPSP synthase and aroA genes, or throughmetabolic inactivation by genes such as GAT (glyphosateacetyltransferases or GOX (glyphosate oxidase) and other phosphonocompounds such as glufosinate (PAT and bar genes), and pyridinoxy orphenoxy proprionic acids and cyclohexones (ACCase inhibitor encodinggenes). See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,835, which discloses thenucleotide sequence of a form of EPSP which can confer glyphosateresistance. A DNA molecule encoding a mutant aroA gene can be obtainedunder ATCC accession number 39256, and the nucleotide sequence of themutant gene is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,769,061. European patentapplication No. 0 333 033 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,975,374 disclosenucleotide sequences of glutamine synthetase genes which conferresistance to herbicides such as L-phosphinothricin. The nucleotidesequence of a phosphinothricinacetyl-transferase gene is provided inEuropean application No. 0 242 246. De Greef et al. (1989)Bio/Technology 7:61 describes the production of transgenic plants thatexpress chimeric bar genes coding for phosphinothricin acetyltransferase activity. Exemplary genes conferring resistance to phenoxyproprionic acids and cyclohexones, such as sethoxydim and haloxyfop, arethe Accl-S1, Accl-S2 and Accl-S3 genes described by Marshall et al.(1992) Theor. Appl. Genet. 83:435.

(C) Genes encoding resistance or tolerance to a herbicide that inhibitsphotosynthesis, such as a triazine (psbA and gs+ genes) and abenzonitrile (nitrilase gene). Przibilla et al. (1991) Plant Cell 3:169describes the use of plasmids encoding mutant psbA genes to transformChlamydomonas. Nucleotide sequences for nitrilase genes are disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 4,810,648, and DNA molecules containing these genes areavailable under ATCC accession numbers 53435, 67441 and 67442. Cloningand expression of DNA coding for a glutathione S-transferase isdescribed by Hayes et al. (1992) Biochem. J. 285:173.

(D) Genes encoding resistance or tolerance to a herbicide that bind tohydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenases (HPPD), enzymes which catalyze thereaction in which para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) is transformed intohomogentisate. This includes herbicides such as isoxazoles (EP418175,EP470856, EP487352, EP527036, EP560482, EP682659, U.S. Pat. No.5,424,276), in particular isoxaflutole, which is a selective herbicidefor maize, diketonitriles (EP496630, EP496631), in particular2-cyano-3-cyclopropyl-1-(2-SO2CH3-4-CF3 phenyl)propane-1,3-dione and2-cyano-3-cyclopropyl-1-(2-SO2CH3-4-2,3Cl2-phenyl)propane-1,3-dione,triketones (EP625505, EP625508, U.S. Pat. No. 5,506,195), in particularsulcotrione, or else pyrazolinates. A gene that produces anoverabundance of HPPD in plants can provide tolerance or resistance tosuch herbicides, including, for example, genes described at U.S. Pat.Nos. 6,268,549 and 6,245,968 and US publication No. 20030066102.

(E) Genes encoding resistance or tolerance to phenoxyacetate auxinherbicides, such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and which mayalso confer resistance or tolerance to “fop” herbicides. Examples ofsuch genes include the α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase enzyme(AAD-1) gene, described at US Patent Publication 20090093366.

(F) Genes encoding resistance or tolerance to phenoxyacetate auxinherbicides, such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and which mayalso confer resistance or tolerance to pyridyloxyacetate auxins (such asfluoroxypyr and triclopyr), phenoxyproprionate auxins (such as MCPA anddichloprop), pehnoxybutanoate auxins (such as 2,4-DB). Examples of suchgenes include the α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase enzyme (AAD-12)gene, described in WO 2007/053482 A2.

(G) Genes encoding resistance or tolerance to dicamba, such as dicambamonooxygenase (DMO) from Pseudomonas maltophilia which is involved inthe conversion of a herbicidal form of the herbicide dicamba to anon-toxic 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid and thus may be used for producingplants tolerant to this herbicide. See, e.g., US Patent Application No:20030135879.

3. Genes that Confer or Contribute to a Value-Added Trait

(A) Modified fatty acid metabolism, for example, by transforming maizeor Brassica with a small RNA or stearoyl-ACP desaturase to increasestearic acid content of the plant (Knultzon et al., 1992) Proc. Nat.Acad. Sci. USA 89:2624.

(B) Decreased phytate content

(1) Introduction of a phytase-encoding gene would enhance breakdown ofphytate, adding more free phosphate to the transformed plant, such asthe Aspergillus niger phytase gene (Van Hartingsveldt et al., 1993 Gene127:87).

(2) A gene could be introduced that reduces phytate content. In maize,this, for example, could be accomplished by cloning and thenreintroducing DNA associated with the single allele which is responsiblefor maize mutants characterized by low levels of phytic acid (Raboy etal., 1990 Maydica 35:383).

(C) Modified carbohydrate composition effected, for example, bytransforming plants with a gene coding for an enzyme that alters thebranching pattern of starch. Examples of such enzymes include,Streptococcus mucus fructosyltransferase gene (Shiroza et al., 1988) J.Bacteriol. 170:810, Bacillus subtilis levansucrase gene (Steinmetz etal., 1985 Mol. Gen. Genel. 200:220), Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase(Pen et al., 1992 Bio/Technology 10:292), tomato invertase genes (Elliotet al., 1993), barley amylase gene (Sogaard et al., 1993 J. Biol. Chem.268:22480), and maize endosperm starch branching enzyme II (Fisher etal., 1993 Plant Physiol. 102:1045).

(D) Altered antioxidant content or composition, such as alteration oftocopherol or tocotrienols. For example, see U.S. Pat. No. 6,787,683,US2004/0034886 and WO 00/68393 involving the manipulation of antioxidantlevels, and WO 03/082899 through alteration of a homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (hggt).

(E) Altered essential seed amino acids. For example, see U.S. Pat. No.6,127,600 (method of increasing accumulation of essential amino acids inseeds), U.S. Pat. No. 6,080,913 (binary methods of increasingaccumulation of essential amino acids in seeds), U.S. Pat. No. 5,990,389(high lysine), WO 99/40209 (alteration of amino acid compositions inseeds), WO 99/29882 (methods for altering amino acid content ofproteins), U.S. Pat. No. 5,850,016 (alteration of amino acidcompositions in seeds), WO 98/20133 (proteins with enhanced levels ofessential amino acids), U.S. Pat. No. 5,885,802 (high methionine), U.S.Pat. No. 5,885,801 (high threonine), U.S. Pat. No. 6,664,445 (plantamino acid biosynthetic enzymes), U.S. Pat. No. 6,459,019 (increasedlysine and threonine), U.S. Pat. No. 6,441,274 (plant tryptophansynthase beta subunit), U.S. Pat. No. 6,346,403 (methionine metabolicenzymes), U.S. Pat. No. 5,939,599 (high sulfur), U.S. Pat. No. 5,912,414(increased methionine), WO 98/56935 (plant amino acid biosyntheticenzymes), WO 98/45458 (engineered seed protein having higher percentageof essential amino acids), WO 98/42831 (increased lysine), U.S. Pat. No.5,633,436 (increasing sulfur amino acid content), U.S. Pat. No.5,559,223 (synthetic storage proteins with defined structure containingprogrammable levels of essential amino acids for improvement of thenutritional value of plants), WO 96/01905 (increased threonine), WO95/15392 (increased lysine), US2003/0163838, US2003/0150014,US2004/0068767, U.S. Pat. No. 6,803,498, WO 01/79516.

4. Genes that Control Male-Sterility

There are several methods of conferring genetic male sterilityavailable, such as multiple mutant genes at separate locations withinthe genome that confer male sterility, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.4,654,465 and 4,727,219 to Brar et al. and chromosomal translocations asdescribed by Patterson in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,861,709 and 3,710,511. Inaddition to these methods, Albertsen et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,432,068,describe a system of nuclear male sterility which includes: identifyinga gene which is critical to male fertility; silencing this native genewhich is critical to male fertility; removing the native promoter fromthe essential male fertility gene and replacing it with an induciblepromoter; inserting this genetically engineered gene back into theplant; and thus creating a plant that is male sterile because theinducible promoter is not “on” resulting in the male fertility gene notbeing transcribed. Fertility is restored by inducing, or turning “on”,the promoter, which in turn allows the gene that confers male fertilityto be transcribed.

(A) Introduction of a deacetylase gene under the control of atapetum-specific promoter and with the application of the chemicalN—Ac-PPT (WO 01/29237).

(B) Introduction of various stamen-specific promoters (WO 92/13956, WO92/13957).

(C) Introduction of the barnase and the barstar gene (Paul et al. PlantMol. Biol. 19:611-622, 1992).

For additional examples of nuclear male and female sterility systems andgenes, see also, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,859,341; 6,297,426; 5,478,369;5,824,524; 5,850,014; and 6,265,640; all of which are herebyincorporated by reference.

5. Genes that affect abiotic stress resistance (including but notlimited to enhancement of nitrogen utilization efficiency, alterednitrogen responsiveness, drought resistance or tolerance, coldresistance or tolerance, and salt resistance or tolerance) and increasedyield under stress. For example, see: WO 00/73475 where water useefficiency is altered through alteration of malate; U.S. Pat. Nos.5,892,009, 5,965,705, 5,929,305, 5,891,859, 6,417,428, 6,664,446,6,706,866, 6,717,034, 6,801,104, WO 00/060089, WO 01/026459, WO01/035725, WO 01/034726, WO 01/035727, WO 01/036444, WO 01/036597, WO01/036598, WO 02/015675, WO 02/017430, WO 0/2077185, WO 02/079403, WO03/013227, WO 03/013228, WO 03/014327, WO 04/031349, WO 04/076638, WO98/09521, and WO 99/38977 describing genes, including CBF genes andtranscription factors effective in mitigating the negative effects offreezing, high salinity, and drought on plants, as well as conferringother positive effects on plant phenotype; US2004/0148654 and WO01/36596 where abscisic acid is altered in plants resulting in improvedplant phenotype such as increased yield and/or increased tolerance toabiotic stress; WO 00/006341, WO 04/090143, U.S. application Ser. Nos.10/817,483 and 09/545,334 where cytokinin expression is modifiedresulting in plants with increased stress tolerance, such as droughttolerance, and/or increased yield. Also see WO 02/02776, WO 03/052063,JP2002281975, U.S. Pat. No. 6,084,153, WO 01/64898, U.S. Pat. No.6,177,275, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,107,547 (enhancement of nitrogenutilization and altered nitrogen responsiveness). For ethylenealteration, see US2004/0128719, US2003/0166197 and WO 00/32761. Forplant transcription factors or transcriptional regulators of abioticstress, see e.g. US2004/0098764 or US2004/0078852.

Other genes and transcription factors that affect plant growth andagronomic traits such as yield, flowering, plant growth and/or plantstructure, can be introduced or introgressed into plants, see e.g. WO97/49811 (LHY), WO 98/56918 (ESD4), WO 97/10339 and U.S. Pat. No.6,573,430 (TFL), U.S. Pat. No. 6,713,663 (FT), WO 96/14414 (CON), WO96/38560, WO 01/21822 (VRN1), WO 00/44918 (VRN2), WO 99/49064 (GI), WO00/46358 (FRI), WO 97/29123, U.S. Pat. No. 6,794,560, U.S. Pat. No.6,307,126 (GAI), WO 99/09174 (D8 and Rht), and WO 04/076638 and WO04/031349 (transcription factors).

One may obtain soybean plants according to the present invention bydirectly growing the seed of 1000731 or by any other means. A soybeanplant having all of the physiological and morphological characteristicsof 1000731 can be obtained by any suitable means, including, but notlimited to, regenerating plants or plant parts from tissue culture orcuttings. The scope of the present invention is not limited by themethod by which the plant is obtained.

Tissue Cultures and Plants Regerenated Therefrom

The present invention provides a tissue culture of protoplasts orregenerable cells from a plant, or parts thereof, produced from soybeancultivar 1000731, or a part thereof. In some embodiments, theprotoplasts or regenerable cells are derived from embryo, meristematiccell, leaf, pollen, ovule, cotyledon, hypocotyl, embryo, root, root tip,anther, pistil, pod, flower, shoot or stalk of soybean cultivar 1000731.

Tissue culture of various tissues of soybeans and regeneration of plantstherefrom is well known and widely published. For example, reference maybe had to Komatsuda, T. et al., “Genotype X Sucrose Interactions forSomatic Embryogenesis in Soybean,” Crop Sci. 31:333-337 (1991);Stephens, P. A. et al., “Agronomic Evaluation of Tissue-Culture-DerivedSoybean Plants,” Theor. Appl. Genet. (1991) 82:633-635; Komatsuda, T. etal., “Maturation and Germination of Somatic Embryos as Affected bySucrose and Plant Growth Regulators in Soybeans Glycine gracilis Skvortzand Glycine max (L.) Merr.,” Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture,28:103-113 (1992); Dhir, S. et al., “Regeneration of Fertile Plants fromProtoplasts of Soybean (Glycine max L. Men.): Genotypic Differences inCulture Response,” Plant Cell Reports (1992) 11:285-289; Pandey, P. etal., “Plant Regeneration from Leaf and Hypocotyl Explants of Glycinewightii (W. and A.) VERDC. var. longicauda,” Japan J. Breed. 42:1-5(1992); and Shetty, K., et al., “Stimulation of In Vitro ShootOrganogenesis in Glycine max (Merrill.) by Allantoin and Amides,” PlantScience 81: (1992) 245-251; as well as U.S. Pat. No. 5,024,944, issuedJun. 18, 1991 to Collins et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,008,200, issued Apr.16, 1991 to Ranch et al., the disclosures of which are herebyincorporated herein in their entirety by reference. Thus, another aspectof the present invention is to provide cells which upon growth anddifferentiation produce soybean plants having the physiological andmorphological characteristics of soybean cultivar 1000731.

Soybean Products

Soybean is useful not only as a seed for producing soybean plants, butalso has utility as a grain. The grain can be used as a food source forboth animals and humans. Soybean is widely used as a source of proteinfor animal feeds for poultry, swine and cattle. The soybean grain istherefore a commodity. The soybean commodity plant products include butare not limited to protein concentrate, protein isolate, soybean hulls,meal, flower, oil and the whole soybean itself.

During processing of whole soybeans, the fibrous hull is removed and theoil is extracted. The remaining soybean meal is a combination ofcarbohydrates and approximately 50% protein. For human or animalconsumption soybean meal is made into soybean flour that is processed toprotein concentrates used for meat extenders or specialty pet foods.Production of edible protein ingredients from soybean offers a healthyless expensive replacement for animal protein in meats as well asdairy-type products.

Accordingly, the present invention includes in some embodiments methodsfor producing a commodity plant product, which comprise obtaining seedof soybean cultivar 1000731 and producing the commodity plant productsdisclosed above. The invention further comprises soybean commodity plantproducts derived from soybean cultivar 1000731 seed according to thesemethods.

DEPOSIT INFORMATION

Seed from soybean cultivar 1000731, disclosed above and recited in theappended claims, was deposited with the American Type Culture Collection(ATCC), 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, Va. 20110 on Feb. 18, 2014under the Accession No. PTA-121010. The seeds deposited were taken fromseeds maintained by Dairyland Seed Co., Inc., West Bend, Wis. 53095since prior to the filing date of this application. Access to the ATCCdeposit will be available during the pendency of the application to theCommissioner of Patents and Trademarks and persons determined by theCommissioner to be entitled thereto upon request. Upon allowance of anyclaims in the application, the Applicant will make the depositirrevocably available to the public pursuant to 37 C.F.R. §1.808.Applicant has or will have satisfied all of the requirements of 37C.F.R. §§1.801-1.809. The deposit will be maintained in the ATCCdepository for a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the last request,or for the effective life of the patent, whichever is longer, and willbe replaced if necessary during that period.

All publications, patents and patent applications referenced in thespecification are indicative of the level of those skilled in the art towhich this invention pertains. All such publications, patents and patentapplications are incorporated by reference herein to the same extent asif each was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporatedby reference herein.

The foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way ofillustration and example for purposes of clarity and understanding.However, it should be appreciated by those having ordinary skill in theart that certain changes and modifications such as single genemodifications and mutations, somoclonal variants, variant individualsselected from large populations of the plants of the instant novelcultivar and the like may be practiced within the scope of theinvention, as limited only by the scope of the appended claims, withoutdeparting from the true concept, spirit, and scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A seed of soybean cultivar 1000731, or a partthereof, a representative sample of the seed having been deposited underATCC Accession No. PTA-121010.
 2. A plant of soybean cultivar 1000731,or a part thereof, representative seed of said soybean cultivar 1000731having been deposited under ATCC Accession Number PTA-121010.
 3. Theplant part of claim 2, wherein the part is a pollen grain, an ovule, aprotoplast, a cell, an embryo, a cotyledon, a hypocotyl, a meristem, aroot, a pistil, an anther, a flower, a stem, a pod, a leaf or a petiole.4. A soybean plant, or a part thereof, having all the physiological andmorphological characteristics of the soybean plant of claim 2 when grownin the same environmental conditions.
 5. A tissue culture of protoplastsor regenerable cells from the plant, or a part thereof, of claim
 2. 6.The tissue culture of protoplast or regenerable cells of claim 5,wherein the protoplasts or regenerable cells are derived from embryo,meristematic cell, leaf, pollen, ovule, cotyledon, hypocotyl, embryo,root, root tip, anther, pistil, pod, flower, shoot or stalk.
 7. Asoybean plant regenerated from the tissue culture of claim 6, whereinthe plant has all of the physiological and morphological characteristicsof a plant produced by growing seed of soybean cultivar 1000731, arepresentative sample of the seed having been deposited under ATCCAccession No. PTA-121010.
 8. A method for producing a soybean seed,comprising crossing soybean plants and harvesting the resultant seed,wherein at least one soybean plant is the soybean plant of claim
 2. 9. Asoybean seed produced by the method of claim
 8. 10. A soybean plant, ora part thereof, produced by growing the seed of claim
 9. 11. A methodfor producing a soybean cultivar 1000731-derived soybean plant,comprising: (a) crossing a soybean cultivar 1000731 plant of claim 2with a second soybean plant to yield progeny soybean seed; and (b)growing said progeny seed to yield a soybean cultivar 1000731-derivedsoybean plant.
 12. A soybean cultivar 1000731-derived soybean plant, orparts thereof, produced by the method of claim
 11. 13. The method ofclaim 11, further comprising (c) crossing the soybean cultivar1000731-derived soybean plant of (b) with itself or another soybeanplant to yield an additional soybean cultivar 1000731-derived soybeanprogeny seed; and (d) growing the progeny soybean seed of (c) to yieldadditional soybean cultivar 1000731-derived soybean plants.
 14. Themethod of claim 13, wherein (c) and (d) are repeated at least one timeto generate additional soybean cultivar 1000731-derived soybean plants.15. A method of producing a plant of soybean cultivar 1000731 comprisingan added desired trait, the method comprising introducing at least onetransgene or locus conferring the desired trait into the plant of claim2.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the desired trait is selectedfrom the group consisting of male sterility, site-specificrecombination, abiotic stress tolerance, herbicide tolerance, insect orpest resistance, disease resistance, fungal resistance, modified fattyacid metabolism, and modified carbohydrate metabolism.
 17. The method ofclaim 16, wherein the desired trait is herbicide tolerance and thetolerance is conferred to one or more herbicides selected from the groupconsisting of glyphosate, phenoxyacetate auxins, pyridyloxyacetateauxins, phenoxyproprionate auxins, pehnoxybutanoate auxins,sulfonylurea, imidazalinone, dicamba, glufosinate, cyclohexone,triazine, and benzonitrile.
 18. The method of claim 16, wherein thedesired trait is insect resistance and the transgene encodes a Bacillusthuringiensis (Bt) endotoxin.
 19. A plant produced by the method ofclaim 15, wherein the plant comprises the desired trait and all of thephysiological and morphological characteristics of soybean cultivar1000731 when grown in the same location and in the same environmentalconditions.
 20. A method of producing a progeny soybean cultivar derivedfrom cultivar 1000731 comprising a desired trait, comprising: (a)crossing a soybean cultivar 1000731 plant of claim 2 with a plant ofanother soybean cultivar that comprises a desired trait to produce F1progeny plants; (b) selecting one or more F1 progeny plants that havethe desired trait to produce selected progeny plants; (c) crossing theselected progeny plants with the 1000731 plants to produce backcrossprogeny plants; (d) selecting for backcross progeny plants that have thedesired trait and physiological and morphological characteristics ofsoybean cultivar 1000731 to produce selected backcross progeny plants;and (e) repeating steps (c) and (d) a sufficient number of times insuccession to produce selected second or higher backcross progeny plantsthat comprise the desired trait and the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of soybean cultivar 1000731 when grown in the sameenvironmental conditions.
 21. The method of claim 20, wherein thedesired trait is selected from the group consisting of male sterility,herbicide resistance, insect resistance, modified fatty acid metabolism,modified carbohydrate metabolism and resistance to bacterial disease,fungal disease or viral disease.
 22. A plant produced by the method ofclaim 20, wherein the plant has the desired trait and all of the otherphysiological and morphological characteristics of soybean cultivar1000731 when grown in the same environmental conditions.
 23. A method ofproducing a commodity plant product comprising obtaining the plant ofclaim 2, or a part thereof, and producing said commodity plant producttherefrom.
 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the commodity plantproduct is protein concentrate, protein isolate, soybean hulls, meal,flour or oil.